# Right-to-left support
Learn how to implement right-to-left (RTL) text with Material UI to support languages such as Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew.
## Setup
This guide outlines the three steps necessary to change the direction of text-based components in Material UI to support RTL languages, as shown in the demo below:
```tsx
import { createTheme, ThemeProvider, Theme } from '@mui/material/styles';
import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField';
import rtlPlugin from '@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl';
import { prefixer } from 'stylis';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';
// Consuming the outer theme is only required with coexisting themes, like in this documentation.
// If your app/website doesn't deal with this, you can have just:
// const theme = createTheme({ direction: 'rtl' })
const theme = (outerTheme: Theme) =>
createTheme({
direction: 'rtl',
palette: {
mode: outerTheme.palette.mode,
},
});
const cacheRtl = createCache({
key: 'muirtl',
stylisPlugins: [prefixer, rtlPlugin],
});
export default function RtlDemo() {
return (
);
}
```
### 1. Set the HTML direction
You can set the text direction either globally (across the entire app) or locally (specific to individual components), depending on your use case.
#### Globally
Add `dir="rtl"` to the app's root `` to set the global text direction:
```html
```
If you can't set the `dir` attribute directly on the root `` element, as a workaround, use the JavaScript API before the page is rendered:
```js
document.documentElement.setAttribute('dir', 'rtl');
```
#### Locally
Add the `dir="rtl"` attribute to any other HTML element or React component if you need to limit the scope of the text direction to that element and its children.
:::warning
Components that use React portals (like the [Dialog](/material-ui/react-dialog/)) do _not_ inherit the `dir` attribute from parents, because they actually render outside of their parental DOM trees.
You must apply the `dir` attribute directly to these components if it's not globally defined as right-to-left:
```jsx
// ❌ this Dialog will still be left-to-right (the default)
// ✅ this Dialog will be right-to-left as intended
```
:::
### 2. Set the theme direction
Use the `createTheme()` API to set the theme direction to `'rtl'`:
```js
import { createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';
const theme = createTheme({
direction: 'rtl',
});
```
### 3. Configure RTL style plugin
Install the `@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl` using one of the commands below:
```bash npm
npm install stylis @mui/stylis-plugin-rtl
```
```bash pnpm
pnpm add stylis @mui/stylis-plugin-rtl
```
```bash yarn
yarn add stylis @mui/stylis-plugin-rtl
```
#### With Emotion
If you're using Emotion, use the [CacheProvider](https://emotion.sh/docs/cache-provider) to create a new cache instance that uses `rtlPlugin` from `@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl` and add that to the top of your application tree:
```jsx
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';
import { prefixer } from 'stylis';
import rtlPlugin from '@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl';
// Create rtl cache
const rtlCache = createCache({
key: 'muirtl',
stylisPlugins: [prefixer, rtlPlugin],
});
function Rtl(props) {
return {props.children};
}
```
#### With styled-components
If you're using styled-components, use the [StyleSheetManager](https://styled-components.com/docs/api#stylesheetmanager) and provide `rtlPlugin` to the `stylisPlugins` property:
```jsx
import { StyleSheetManager } from 'styled-components';
import rtlPlugin from '@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl';
function Rtl(props) {
return (
{props.children}
);
}
```
## Opting out of RTL locally
To turn off RTL on specific components, use the template literal syntax and add the `/* @noflip */` directive:
```js
const LeftToRightTextInRtlApp = styled('div')`
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
`;
```
```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import { prefixer } from 'stylis';
import rtlPlugin from '@mui/stylis-plugin-rtl';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import Switch from '@mui/material/Switch';
const Normal = styled('div')`
text-align: left;
`;
const Noflip = styled('div')`
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
`;
const rtlCache = createCache({
key: 'muirtl',
stylisPlugins: [prefixer, rtlPlugin],
});
const ltrCache = createCache({
key: 'mui',
});
export default function RtlOptOut() {
const [rtl, setRtl] = React.useState(false);
const handleChange = () => {
setRtl(!rtl);
};
return (
}
label="Toggle RTL"
/>
RTL normal behavior
RTL noflip
);
}
```